Civil Engineering and Architecture

 

Public Ingress & Egress

Egress - Exits or a way out of.

Ingress - Entrances or a means to enter.

  • Road Design
  • Types
    • Freeway - A road with limited access that generally handles between 1,000-1,300 cars per hour per lane
    • Arterial - Roads that carry between 400 to 800 cars per lane per hour depending on businesses,  parking, signs, and control signals.
    • Collector - Local roads that can generally carry 100-250 cars per lane per hour.
    • Feeder - Local streets, Cul-de-sacs, or loops that service neighborhoods
  • Design
    • To create the vertical profile of the road, lines are dropped from the station points and an exaggerated vertical scale is created. Elevation data from existing station points are plotted to a graph.
    • A  line is plotted through the points. The line is then smoothed and parabolic transitions are added between slopes.

Roads
Road

Road Design


Vertical Profile - Uses an exaggerated vertical scale

 

Begin Vertical Curve (BVC): On an engineering drawing, the point at which the road transitions from an even slope to a vertical curve.

 

Curve length (L): The length of a curve on a road between the Point of Curve and Point of Tangency.

 

End Vertical Curve (EVC): Point where the vertical curve ends and the road has an even slope again.

 

Point of Curve (P.C.): The Station Point where a curve begins.

 

Point of Intersection (P.I.):  The Station Point where two road grades or transit lines intersect.

 

Point of Reference (POR): A location of known or assumed elevation and/or horizontal coordinates.

 

Point of Reverse Curve (PRC):  The Station Point where two curves meet and change direction.

 

Point of Tangency (PT):  The Station Point where a curve ends and a Straight-a-way begins.

 

Vertical alignment: Tangency between a vertical curve and a road with an even slope.

 

Vertical Curve (VC): The transition created when a road travels over a hilltop or down a valley and up again.

 

Vertical orientation: A view of an object that shows its height.