Size Group Sieve Size Passing Retained On Cobbles No maximum size 3 inches Gravels 3 inches No. 4 Sands No. 4 No. 200 Fines (clay or silt) No. 200 No minimum size
Well-Graded Soils. A well-graded soil is defined as having a good representation of all particle sizes from the largest to the smallest.  Poorly-Graded Soils. Soil classification where there is only one size, uniformly graded, or a soil that contains only a few differently sized particles, gap graded.  There are two types of poorly-graded soils.
A uniformly graded soil consists primarily of particles of nearly the same size. A gap-graded soil contains both large and small particles, but the gradation continuity is broken by the absence of some particle sizes. Clean Soil - contains little or no fines (<5%) Dirty Soil - Silty Fines, Clayey (>12%) Categories In the USCS, all soils are placed into one of three major categories. They are Coarse-grained. Fine-grained. Highly organic.	Soil Groups Soil Type Graduation Liquid Limit S for sand G for gravel M for silt C for clay O for organic Pt for peat Well Graded - W Poorly Graded - P LL over 50 - H LL under 50 - L Liquid Limit - Minimum moisture content at which the soil will flow upon application of a sheering force. Plastic Limit - The lowest moisture content at which a soil can be rolled into a thread 1/8 inch in diameter. Sands are non plastic and cannot be rolled.

Cut and Fill - A plan to remove (cut) excess soil or add (fill) soil to low spots.	Grading - Act of changing a property’s topography for a purpose.
Percolation Test - used for wastewater management planning

Storm Water Runoff - as a parking lot is developed on a site, storm water runoff will increase

 

Storm Drain - A drain designed to collect surface water runoff.

Stormwater Retention Areas - Manmade areas for the collection of storm water.

Culvert - A transverse drain used to conduct water under roadways.

Calculating Rainfall Amounts:  uses this information to develop a storm water runoff plan

Holding Pond - A fabricated containment area for holding storm run-off.

Swale - A man made depression or low lying land feature used for drainage (i.e., a ditch).

Calculating Storm Water Runoff - Allows the Civil Engineer to create a storm water runoff plan

• Q = CiA

• Q = peak runoff rate in cubic feet per second

• i = rainfall intensity in inches per hour

• A = drainage area in acres

• C = runoff coefficient

• 1 Acre = 43,560sqft

Weighted "C" Value

Cw = C₁A₁ + C₂A₂ / A₁ + A₂

Reduction in Q = Pre-Development Q - Post Development Q

Land Surveying - The process of measuring and locating physical entities on a plot of land to obtain a legal description.

Leveling Base - A foundation or area designed to level surveying instruments prior to use; four leveling screws are used.

Leveling Rod - A device with a graduated scale in 1/10ths or 1/100ths of feet that is focused on through the telescope.

Tripod - A three-legged stand that provides a stable mounting base for a surveying instrument.

Transit Line - The path or center line of a road.

Differential Leveling