Principles of Engineering

Mechanisms

Mechanisms

Bearings - Devices used to reduce friction between rotating shafts and fixed carriers. Examples are roller, ball, and air bearings.

Coupling - A system used to connect and transfer energy from one part to another - usually shafts that rotate.

Crankshaft - A shaft that has journals which changes reciprocating motion to rotary motion.

Eccentric - A device that rotates in an off-center position on an axle or shaft. 

Kinetic Energy - The energy of an object due to its mass and motion; calculated using the objects mass, m, and velocity, v.

Mechanical Energy - The energy, which is possessed by an object due to its motion or its stored energy of position.

Potential Energy - Stored energy; (Gravitational potential energy is stored energy due to elevated position of an object: PE = mgh; Elastic potential energy is stored energy in elastic materials: PE = ½ kx²).

Torque - A turning or twisting force that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion

Lever Fulcrum - The support structure around which a lever rotates. MA = LE ÷ LR LE x E = LR x R Load (R) = MA * Effort (E) Effort (E) =   Load (R) ÷ MA	1st Class - 2nd Class  - 3rd Class -
Inclined Plane MA = Length ÷ Height   (Length = Slope) Load (R) = MA * Effort (E) Effort (E) =  Load (R) ÷ MA
Wheel & Axle MA = Wheel Radius / Axle Radius MA = LE ÷ LR Torque = Force * Radius Circumference = π * D Load (R) = MA * Effort (E) Effort (E) = load (R) ÷ MA
Pulley MA = Total number of strands supporting the load (count last strand if going up) MA = Load (R) ÷ Effort (E) Load (R) = MA * Effort (E) Effort (E) = Load (R) ÷ MA	Types: Fixed, Movable, Block & Tackle
Wedge MA = Length ÷ Height Load (R) = MA * Effort (E) Effort (E) =  Load (R) ÷ MA
Screw Pitch = 1 ÷ (teeth per inch) Circumference = π * Diameter MA = Circumference ÷ Pitch MA = (π * Diameter) ÷ Pitch
Gear GR = Gear Ratio Nin = number of teeth on driver gear Nout = number of teeth on driven gear Din = driver gear diameter, in SR = Win / Wout Dout = driven gear diameter, in Win = driver gear speed, rpm Wout = driven gear speed, rpm Tin = torque of driver gear, ft lbs. Tout = torque of driven gear, ft lbs. GR = Input Rate / Output Rate SR = speed ratio Win / Wout = Dout / Din Tin / Tout = Din / Dout
Belt Drive D in = Driver pulley diameter, in SR = Speed Ratio = Input Rate / Output Rate D out = Driven pulley diameter, in w in = Driver pulley speed, rpm w out = Driven pulley speed, rpm T in = Torque of driver pulley, ft lbs. T out = Torque of driven pulley, ft lbs. Win/Wout = Dout/Din Tin/Tout = Din/Dout SR = Win/Wout	Gear - A wheel with teeth that will allow the transfer of power when coupled to another gear. Gear Train - A set of gears used to transmit power, change output direction, or change speed or force.
Mechanisms from Simple Machines

• Reverse Engineering -  is taking apart an object to see how it works in order to duplicate or enhance the object

  

  REVERSE ENGINEERING IS A PROCESS OF REDESIGNING AN EXISTING PRODUCT TO IMPROVE AND BROADEN ITS FUNCTION, ADD QUALITY AND TO INCREASE ITS USEFUL  LIFE. 

  ALSO AN IMPORTANT ADDITIONAL GOAL IS TO REDUCE MANUFACTURING COSTS OF THE NEW PRODUCT MAKING IT COMPETITIVE IN THE MARKET PLACE.  

  STUDY HOW THE PRODUCT WORKS AND LOOK FOR WAYS TO IMPROVE OR EXPAND ITS FUNCTIONS.

  DISASSEMBLE AND INSPECT THE PARTS OF THE PRODUCT  STUDYING WAYS TO IMPROVE AND SIMPLIFY THESE PARTS AND ITS OVERALL DESIGN.

  STUDY HOW THE QUALITY AND LIFE OF THE PRODUCT MIGHT BE IMPROVED.

  STUDY METHODS OF HOW THE COSTS OF MANUFACTURING THE PRODUCT MIGHT BE REDUCED APPLING NEW AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS.

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